Update Data Connections

At this point we have a team table:

id	name	headquarters
1	Preventers	Sharp Tower
2	Z-Force	Sister Margaret's Bar

And a hero table:

id	name	secret_name	age	team_id
1	Deadpond	Dive Wilson	null	2
2	Rusty-Man	Tommy Sharp	48	1
3	Spider-Boy	Pedro Parqueador	null	null

Some of these heroes are part of a team.

Now we'll see how to update those connections between rows tables.

We will continue with the code we used to create some heroes, and we'll update them.

👀 Full file preview

Python 3.10+Python 3.7+

from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine


class Team(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    headquarters: str


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    secret_name: str
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)

    team_id: int | None = Field(default=None, foreign_key="team.id")


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def create_heroes():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        team_preventers = Team(name="Preventers", headquarters="Sharp Tower")
        team_z_force = Team(name="Z-Force", headquarters="Sister Margaret's Bar")
        session.add(team_preventers)
        session.add(team_z_force)
        session.commit()

        hero_deadpond = Hero(
            name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson", team_id=team_z_force.id
        )
        hero_rusty_man = Hero(
            name="Rusty-Man",
            secret_name="Tommy Sharp",
            age=48,
            team_id=team_preventers.id,
        )
        hero_spider_boy = Hero(name="Spider-Boy", secret_name="Pedro Parqueador")
        session.add(hero_deadpond)
        session.add(hero_rusty_man)
        session.add(hero_spider_boy)
        session.commit()

        session.refresh(hero_deadpond)
        session.refresh(hero_rusty_man)
        session.refresh(hero_spider_boy)

        print("Created hero:", hero_deadpond)
        print("Created hero:", hero_rusty_man)
        print("Created hero:", hero_spider_boy)


def main():
    create_db_and_tables()
    create_heroes()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

from typing import Optional

from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine


class Team(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    headquarters: str


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    secret_name: str
    age: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, index=True)

    team_id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, foreign_key="team.id")


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def create_heroes():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        team_preventers = Team(name="Preventers", headquarters="Sharp Tower")
        team_z_force = Team(name="Z-Force", headquarters="Sister Margaret's Bar")
        session.add(team_preventers)
        session.add(team_z_force)
        session.commit()

        hero_deadpond = Hero(
            name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson", team_id=team_z_force.id
        )
        hero_rusty_man = Hero(
            name="Rusty-Man",
            secret_name="Tommy Sharp",
            age=48,
            team_id=team_preventers.id,
        )
        hero_spider_boy = Hero(name="Spider-Boy", secret_name="Pedro Parqueador")
        session.add(hero_deadpond)
        session.add(hero_rusty_man)
        session.add(hero_spider_boy)
        session.commit()

        session.refresh(hero_deadpond)
        session.refresh(hero_rusty_man)
        session.refresh(hero_spider_boy)

        print("Created hero:", hero_deadpond)
        print("Created hero:", hero_rusty_man)
        print("Created hero:", hero_spider_boy)


def main():
    create_db_and_tables()
    create_heroes()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Assign a Team to a Hero

Let's say that Tommy Sharp uses his "rich uncle" charms to recruit Spider-Boy to join the team of the Preventers, now we need to update our Spider-Boy hero object to connect it to the Preventers team.

Doing it is just like updating any other field:

Python 3.10+Python 3.7+

# Code above omitted 👆

def create_heroes():
    with Session(engine) as session:

        # Previous code here omitted 👈

        hero_spider_boy.team_id = team_preventers.id
        session.add(hero_spider_boy)
        session.commit()
        session.refresh(hero_spider_boy)
        print("Updated hero:", hero_spider_boy)

# Code below omitted 👇

# Code above omitted 👆

def create_heroes():
    with Session(engine) as session:

        # Previous code here omitted 👈

        hero_spider_boy.team_id = team_preventers.id
        session.add(hero_spider_boy)
        session.commit()
        session.refresh(hero_spider_boy)
        print("Updated hero:", hero_spider_boy)

# Code below omitted 👇

👀 Full file preview

Python 3.10+Python 3.7+

from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine


class Team(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    headquarters: str


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    secret_name: str
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)

    team_id: int | None = Field(default=None, foreign_key="team.id")


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def create_heroes():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        team_preventers = Team(name="Preventers", headquarters="Sharp Tower")
        team_z_force = Team(name="Z-Force", headquarters="Sister Margaret's Bar")
        session.add(team_preventers)
        session.add(team_z_force)
        session.commit()

        hero_deadpond = Hero(
            name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson", team_id=team_z_force.id
        )
        hero_rusty_man = Hero(
            name="Rusty-Man",
            secret_name="Tommy Sharp",
            age=48,
            team_id=team_preventers.id,
        )
        hero_spider_boy = Hero(name="Spider-Boy", secret_name="Pedro Parqueador")
        session.add(hero_deadpond)
        session.add(hero_rusty_man)
        session.add(hero_spider_boy)
        session.commit()

        session.refresh(hero_deadpond)
        session.refresh(hero_rusty_man)
        session.refresh(hero_spider_boy)

        print("Created hero:", hero_deadpond)
        print("Created hero:", hero_rusty_man)
        print("Created hero:", hero_spider_boy)

        hero_spider_boy.team_id = team_preventers.id
        session.add(hero_spider_boy)
        session.commit()
        session.refresh(hero_spider_boy)
        print("Updated hero:", hero_spider_boy)


def main():
    create_db_and_tables()
    create_heroes()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

from typing import Optional

from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine


class Team(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    headquarters: str


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    secret_name: str
    age: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, index=True)

    team_id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, foreign_key="team.id")


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


def create_heroes():
    with Session(engine) as session:
        team_preventers = Team(name="Preventers", headquarters="Sharp Tower")
        team_z_force = Team(name="Z-Force", headquarters="Sister Margaret's Bar")
        session.add(team_preventers)
        session.add(team_z_force)
        session.commit()

        hero_deadpond = Hero(
            name="Deadpond", secret_name="Dive Wilson", team_id=team_z_force.id
        )
        hero_rusty_man = Hero(
            name="Rusty-Man",
            secret_name="Tommy Sharp",
            age=48,
            team_id=team_preventers.id,
        )
        hero_spider_boy = Hero(name="Spider-Boy", secret_name="Pedro Parqueador")
        session.add(hero_deadpond)
        session.add(hero_rusty_man)
        session.add(hero_spider_boy)
        session.commit()

        session.refresh(hero_deadpond)
        session.refresh(hero_rusty_man)
        session.refresh(hero_spider_boy)

        print("Created hero:", hero_deadpond)
        print("Created hero:", hero_rusty_man)
        print("Created hero:", hero_spider_boy)

        hero_spider_boy.team_id = team_preventers.id
        session.add(hero_spider_boy)
        session.commit()
        session.refresh(hero_spider_boy)
        print("Updated hero:", hero_spider_boy)


def main():
    create_db_and_tables()
    create_heroes()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

We can simply assign a value to that field attribute team_id, then add() the hero to the session, and then commit().

Next we refresh() it to get the recent data, and we print it.

Running that in the command line will output:

$ python app.py

// Previous output omitted 😉

// Update the hero
INFO Engine UPDATE hero SET team_id=? WHERE hero.id = ?
INFO Engine [generated in 0.00014s] (1, 3)
// Commit the session saving the changes
INFO Engine COMMIT
// Automatically start a new transaction
INFO Engine BEGIN (implicit)
// Refresh the hero data
INFO Engine SELECT hero.id, hero.name, hero.secret_name, hero.age, hero.team_id
FROM hero
WHERE hero.id = ?
INFO Engine [cached since 0.08837s ago] (3,)

// Print the updated hero
Updated hero: id=3 secret_name='Pedro Parqueador' team_id=1 name='Spider-Boy' age=None

And now Spider-Boy has the team_id=1, which is the ID of the Preventers. 🎉

Let's now see how to remove connections in the next chapter. 💥